Professor Joseph Malone share his thoughts on his research on western colonization in Africa. What he discovered was not at all what he expected.

Professor Joseph Melone stresses the importance of sources in historical research. He also makes the disputed claim that Shakespeare never existed. Whether you believe that or not, his message is clear: check your sources!

Professor Joseph Melone explains to us how countries got their name. He shares some very interesting insights on the origin of the name "France," coming from the word franc.

Why is this dead-end street named after a big bottle? The local historian will reveal all.

Mathilde takes us to Père-Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, where some very famous people are buried. You'll find the graves of Jim Morrison, Guillaume Apollinaire, Honoré de Balzac, Beaumarchais, and Frédéric Chopin, to name a few. The cemetery attracts many visitors from around the world.

Parisians can thank Fulgence Bienvenüe for their metro system, which is so efficient that many people use the names of the metro stations in favor of street names when giving directions. Some of the most interesting stations are Bir-Hakeim, overlooking the Eiffel Tower, and Arts et Métiers, with its old-fashioned industrial design. Some metro stations are a destination in themselves!

The Paris mayor's office set up an outdoor exhibition at the Bastille recounting events that took place on the site of the famous prison. Most people know that the Bastille was stormed during the French Revolution of 1789, but not many people are aware of other important events that took place before and after the Revolution.

Lionel takes us to the friendly Butte aux Cailles neighborhood in Paris. Its village-like atmosphere is a welcome respite from the hustle and bustle of the capital. The Butte aux Cailles was formerly part of the small town of Gentilly before being attached to the city of Paris.

Lionel Brigeot takes us to the northeast of France to the town of Verdun, where the famous Battle of Verdun took place during World War I. Follow Lionel up the Victory Steps, commemorating the battle in which more than one hundred sixty-three thousand soldiers lost their lives.

Lionel stays in Verdun for part two of this series. You will see the remains of the famous Battle of Verdun, which took place in 1916 and lasted ten months. The French soldiers were called poilus or "hairy men" because of their unshaven faces. Verdun also has a magnificent cathedral with stained glass windows.

Still in Toul, Lionel takes a closer look at the Saint-Étienne Cathedral in Toul. Its construction started in the thirteen hundreds and was completed around 1495.

Astrid gives us a detailed description of the Toul Cathedral, its history, and its special features. Though its gargoyles may look scary, they serve a special purpose: draining rainwater off the roof. A light and sound show takes place every year, highlighting the gargoyles and the cathedral's amazing architecture.

Lionel is in Liverdun, a small town in the Lorraine region that dates at least to Roman times. Burial grounds called tumuli have been discovered in the area around the Moselle river, which loops around the town.

We continue our walk around the little town of Liverdun, perched on a rock spur near the Moselle river. Françoise tells us about its collegiate church and the legend of Saint Euchaire.

Françoise talks to Lionel about the Church of Liverdun. Built in 1184, the church is distinctive for its two superimposed doorways: an original Romanesque one, and a Baroque one added in the eighteenth century.