Patricia teaches us how to conjugate second-group (-ir) verbs in the passé simple, or historical past. Unlike the more common passé composé, this tense is mainly used in literary works and in historical accounts.

Patricia takes a glimpse into the future by showing you how to conjugate verbs of the second group (ending in -ir) in the future tense.

Patricia will teach you how to say "no" in French. It's not just a matter of saying non! Find out how to use ne pas (do not) in the right way.

Patricia demonstrates negation with compound tenses. Negation in French involves two words, ne and pas, which have to be placed in just the right order. Find out how it's done in this video!

Patricia continues her lesson on negation. In part three, you will learn where to place ne pas (not) in a sentence with a conjugated verb and a verb in the infinitive.

In the last episode of this series on negation in a sentence, you will learn how to use the adverb of negation ne pas (not) when it's followed by an infinitive and by an indefinite article.

Patricia explains the use of aussi (also) and non plus (neither). Non plus is the negative form of aussi.

In the second part of this lesson on ne plus and aussi, you will learn another meaning of aussi. In addition to "also," it can mean "therefore" or "so."

Patricia explains the use of déjà and ne pas encore in French. Déjà means "yet" or "already," depending on context. In the negative, déjà becomes ne pas encore (not yet).

Patricia explains the difference between ne pas encore (not yet) and jamais (never), the two negative forms of déjà (already, ever). Ne pas encore applies to actions that are limited in time, while jamais applies to actions that aren't.

In this video you will learn how to use the adverbs encore and toujours and how their meanings overlap. Encore and toujours can both mean "still," and share a common negative form: ne plus (no longer).

In this video, you will learn the various meanings of encore, which Patricia will illustrate with several examples.

Patricia lists a few more usages of encore (still, again) and gives an overview of toujours (still, always). To learn more about these words, check out our written lesson on them.

Patricia will show you how to create an "elision" in French, which is when you omit certain vowels and replace them with an apostrophe (similar to saying "it's" instead of "it is" in English).

In part two of her lesson on elisions, Patricia will help you navigate the rules of elisions with multiple examples. They're an essential part of French speech that will no longer be a mystery!