The Maestro explains how the revolutionary ideas of the early discoverers, which we now take for granted, were not always well received. Before Galileo, for example, everyone believed that the sun and all the other planets revolved around the earth!

In this video, a young Galileo gets one of his first revolutionary ideas on how to measure time. Pretty impressive for a fourteen-year-old, huh?

Episode nine of this series focuses on Galileo, a prolific inventor and scientist. He discovered the principle of the simple pendulum motion, very useful in the measure of time and later in the making of clocks.

In part four of this episode on "The Discoverers," Galileo, now a reputable scholar at the University of Padua, proceeds to make a telescope out of lenses with the help of his instrument maker, Marc'Antonio. In this cartoon, an attempt is made to explain Galileo's discoveries.

In part five of this episode on "The Discoverers," Galileo is warned. His belief that the Earth revolves around the sun is sacrilegious. Giordano Bruno, who claimed this fact, was burned as a heretic by the Inquisition Tribunal.

Galileo is about to throw caution to the wind and reveal his startling discoveries about planet Earth.

Galileo is under close scrutiny because of his Copernican views. Unfazed, he carries on his research and his teachings. Will the Inquisition bring his demise or will his powerful friends, Pope Urban VIII among them, protect him?

Galileo faces an uncertain future. Behind the scenes are political and religious intrigues and enemies plotting his downfall. The Pope, until now sympathetic to Galileo, has a change of heart. Under pressure from all sides and insulted by his latest works, The Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, portraying the Church's view through the character Simplicio (Simpleton), the pope finally sends Galileo to the Inquisition Tribunal.

Galileo is in prison. He tries one more time to prove his theories to his inquisitor. But he finally recants during the trial saying the famous sentence: "and yet... it turns"

In the first episode of this new cartoon series, Once Upon a Time... Planet Earth, deforestation issues are addressed from outer space... Just grow a few trees in a spaceship and plant them on land later!

The Maestro tells his students about the famous "Biosphere" project in Arizona, the largest enclosed ecological system in the world.

These young people want to do their part for the planet. Under the Maestro's supervision, they prepare a butterfly garden after learning that butterflies are an endangered species.

The Maestro surpervises the building of a pond for the butterfly garden. Everything goes according to plan, despite the work of a few practical jokesters.

In the next segment of this Il était une fois... episode on ecosystems, the Maestro teaches us how to build a butterfly garden. You can build one anywhere—even on your apartment balcony!

In this episode on the ecosystems, guide Nam explains the importance of mangroves in the food chain. You'll also see the rafflesia, the largest flower in the world.