Patricia teaches us how to conjugate second-group (-ir) verbs in the passé simple, or historical past. Unlike the more common passé composé, this tense is mainly used in literary works and in historical accounts.

Patricia takes a glimpse into the future by showing you how to conjugate verbs of the second group (ending in -ir) in the future tense.

In this video, you will learn about the famous poet, novelist, and journalist Louis Aragon, who lived in the twentieth century. Many of his poems were set to music by famous French singers such as Georges Brassens, Léo Férré, and Jean Ferrat.

Patricia recites Louis Aragon's heartbreaking poem "Il n'y a pas d'amour heureux" (There Is No Happy Love), which has been set to music by a number of famous singers. You can listen to Françoise Hardy's version here.

Patricia will teach you how to say "no" in French. It's not just a matter of saying non! Find out how to use ne pas (do not) in the right way.

Patricia demonstrates negation with compound tenses. Negation in French involves two words, ne and pas, which have to be placed in just the right order. Find out how it's done in this video!

Patricia continues her lesson on negation. In part three, you will learn where to place ne pas (not) in a sentence with a conjugated verb and a verb in the infinitive.

In the last episode of this series on negation in a sentence, you will learn how to use the adverb of negation ne pas (not) when it's followed by an infinitive and by an indefinite article.

Patricia will show you how to create an "elision" in French, which is when you omit certain vowels and replace them with an apostrophe (similar to saying "it's" instead of "it is" in English).

Patricia explains the use of aussi (also) and non plus (neither). Non plus is the negative form of aussi.

In part two of her lesson on elisions, Patricia will help you navigate the rules of elisions with multiple examples. They're an essential part of French speech that will no longer be a mystery!

In the second part of this lesson on ne plus and aussi, you will learn another meaning of aussi. In addition to "also," it can mean "therefore" or "so."

Patricia will teach you how to form liaisons (not the dangerous kind!) in French. These occur when you connect the final consonant of one word with the beginning vowel or silent H of the next word and pronounce them as one. Listen closely to Patricia, who will demonstrate a range of examples.

In part two of her lesson, Patricia will explain in-depth which words require a liaison. Some liaisons are compulsory while some are optional or omitted.

In the first part of this series on negation, you will learn how to use the formula ne... ni... ni (neither... nor... nor) to construct a negative sentence in French.