La pâte, les pâtes, la patte. Le pâté, la pâtée. How can a slight variation in spelling make such a difference in meaning? Which one of these homophones has legs? Which one is of the edible kind? Which one is a spread and which one is pet food? Can you guess? So many questions that we are about to answer in this lesson.

Let's begin with a homophone of the edible kind, les pâtes. This is the French word for "pasta," and unlike its English translation, it's always in the plural. You can learn how to make some delicious pâtes alla putanesca (pasta alla putanesca) in this cooking video:

Le temps de faire chauffer l'eau des pâtes et de les faire cuire suffit à préparer la sauce.

The time to heat the pasta water and cook them is sufficient for preparing the sauce.

Captions 31-33, Whoogy's Une recette italienne iconique, rapide et pas chère - Part 1

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When you make pâtes singular, la pâte, you get the word for "dough," "pastry," and "batter." You will have to rely on context to guide you as the culinary term la pâte will have different translations in English depending on the type of mixture. For instance, the word pâte can mean “bread dough,” which gave birth to a popular expression, mettre la main à la pâte, back when people mostly kneaded bread by hand. It literally means “put your hand in the dough” or “get to work”:

Je suis prête à me salir les mains et à mettre la main à la pâte.

I'm ready to get my hands dirty and to put my hand in the dough [get to work].

Captions 4-5, Marie et Sandra Atelier d'art - Part 17

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And now for a different kind of pâte, we have pâte à crêpe (crêpe batter). In her cooking video, Sophie explains that the consistency of pâte à crêpe is not as thick as pâte à pain (bread dough): 

Tu mélanges, tu mélanges et là t'en rajoutes jusqu'à ce que tu obtiennes une pâte qui soit assez épaisse, moins que la pâte à pain, mais assez épaisse pour faire un ruban

You mix, you mix, and then you add some until you obtain a batter that is quite thick, less than bread dough, but thick enough to make a ribbon

Captions 29-33, Sophie et Patrice Les crêpes

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Still in the kitchen, we have yet another type of pâte, “pastry." How do we know it’s pastry? Because we are making pâte à choux (choux pastry), as Asma explains in her cooking video: 

...en attendant de faire notre biscuit pâte à choux.

...while waiting to make our choux pastry sponge cake.

Caption 51, Asma Le roulé mangue, vanille et fruits de la passion - Part 1

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There's another type of pastry called pâte feuilletée (flaky pastry or puff pastry), which is what the delicious pain au chocolat is made of:

C'est constitué d'une pâte feuilletée avec à l'intérieur du chocolat.  

It's made of a puff pastry with chocolate inside.  

Captions 11-13, Leïa Le petit déjeuner

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Moving on to more savory flavors, how about une pâte (paste) to go on top of your pâte (dough)? Une pâte de tomate (tomato paste) is the perfect topping for une pâte de pizza (pizza dough), as Lionel demonstrates in his video:

Donc la garniture, on a commencé par tapisser la pâte de tomate.

So the topping, we started by covering it with tomato paste.

Captions 30-31, Claude et Lionel La pizza

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Note that une pâte can refer to any kind of paste including the non-edible kind. You can find more of its meanings here.

If we add an accent to the e in pâte, we get the masculine noun le pâté, as in pâté de foie gras (goose liver pâté). This is a French favorite during Christmas time:

Le pâté de foie gras est une spécialité gastronomique française.

Goose liver pâté is a French delicacy.

While un pâté de foie gras may be a delicacy, its feminine counterpart, la pâtée, is not for human consumption! This is the word for “pet food,” or “swill” for pigs. It usually comes in a mushy wet mix sold in cans at the supermarket. 

Le chat a mangé la pâtée du chien, et il n’est pas content !

The cat ate the dog’s food, and he is not happy! 

Speaking of animals, let's take a look at our final word, la patte, a feminine homophone of pâte but spelled with a double T and no accent. We are now talking about an animal part, the paw:

Piggeldy plongea sa patte avant droite dans l'eau.

Piggeldy dipped his right front paw into the water.

Caption 33, Piggeldy et Frédéric Le ciel

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Did you know that les pattes d’éléphant (literally, "elephant paws") were once a fashion item? These are known as "bell bottoms" in English, though the word can refer to any type of long pant:

Avec un beau jean pattes d'eph [d'éléphant], et tout, tu vois.

With nice elephant paw [bell bottom] jeans and everything, you see.

Caption 62, Elisa et Mashal Les fringues

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Now that you've familiarized yourself with the various meanings of the words pâte(s), pâté(e), and patte, you will be able to make safe choices at the supermarket and have a better grasp of French recipes. Thank you for reading!

Who has not gazed at le ciel (the sky) to check the weather or enjoy a sunset or a sunrise? Indeed, the sky can take on many colors, from somber gray to magnificent sunset-red. There are many ways, colors, and expressions to describe the wild blue yonder. Poets, songwriters, weather forecasters, and ordinary people are all adept at describing le ciel. So, let's join them and explore some sky-related vocabulary. But first, let us find out where le ciel (the sky) is…

In this video, sweet cartoon character Piggeldy wants to know where le ciel (the sky) begins, and he asks his older brother Frédéric to take him there:

Piggeldy voulait savoir où commence le ciel.

Piggeldy wanted to know where the sky begins.

Caption 1, Piggeldy et Frédéric Le ciel

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Piggeldy’s mission to reach the heavens (on foot, no less) is bound to fail because, as the saying goes, la limite, c'est le ciel (the sky is the limit):

La limite, c'est le ciel, tu sais de qui c'est

The sky is the limit, you know whose it is

Caption 53, Disiz la Peste Dans tes rêves

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Though it's impossible to walk up to le ciel, it is certainly possible to gaze at it and enjoy its bright blue hue. In his humorous song, "Cha Cha du Marin," singer Cré Tonnerre sings about a ciel bleu (blue sky) that reflects his happy mood:

Tout heureux, tout amoureux, tout bleu comme le ciel bleu

All happy, all in love, all blue as the blue sky

Caption 26, Cré Tonnerre Cha Cha du Marin

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In his video about dog training, trusty guide Lionel also enthuses over a ciel radieux (glorious sky) as he finishes his visit to a canine club:

Nous allons prendre congé sous ce ciel radieux, bleu-azur.

We're going to take our leave under this glorious, azure-blue sky.

Captions 52-53, Lionel au club canin - Part 5

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And in Metz, Lionel enjoys another ciel estival (summer sky):

Nous sommes donc ici toujours à Metz, sous un ciel estival, ciel bleu

So we're still here in Metz under a summer sky, a blue sky

Caption 1, Lionel à Metz - Part 2

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While un ciel estival is a blue summer sky, un ciel gris (a gray sky) usually means drab winter days. And yet, people like Sophie and Patrice see beauty in les dégradés du gris (the shades of gray) in the Parisian skies:

Entre les dégradés de gris du ciel et les dégradés de gris des toits c'est vrai c'est super beau, hein?

Between the shades of gray in the sky and the shades of gray of the roofs, it's true it's super beautiful, huh?

Captions 9-11, Sophie et Patrice Paris, c'est gris

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Still, most people seem to prefer un ciel dégagé (a clear sky) over un ciel couvert (an overcast sky) or un ciel nuageux (a cloudy sky):

Cette nuit le ciel est dégagé avec huit degrés pour les températures... Et puis pour la journée de jeudi un ciel couvert avec quinze degrés le matin

Tonight the sky is clear with eight-degree temperatures... And then for daytime on Thursday an overcast sky with fifteen degrees in the morning

Caption 9, 14, Grand Lille TV Prévisions Météo (Juin)

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Un ciel dégagé est plus agréable qu’un ciel nuageux.

A clear sky is more pleasant than a cloudy sky.

In any case, not everyone is as fond of gray skies as Sophie and Patrice. Most would agree with the speaker in the video below, who describes gray skies as maussade (gloomy) and pluvieux (rainy):

Malheureusement avec un ciel maussade et un peu pluvieux...

Unfortunately under a gloomy and somewhat rainy sky...

Caption 15, Lionel Le club de foot de Nancy - Part 1

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Sometimes the sky is bleak and pale instead of gray, and when it comes to describing pale skies, who does it better than renowned poet Charles Baudelaire? In his poem "À une passante" (To a Passersby), Baudelaire depicts a bleak sky with the adjective livide, which means “pale” or even “deathly pale." (Unlike its English cognate, the French livide does not mean “livid/angry.")

Dans son œil, ciel livide où germe l'ouragan

From her eye, pale sky where a hurricane grows

Caption 41, Le saviez-vous? "À une passante" de Charles Baudelaire

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Still on a bleak note, singer Zaz portrays the sky in an even gloomier way:

Je mettrais du ciel en misère

I would put some sky in misery

Caption 9, Zaz Si

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In yet another sad song, singer Lesieur laments over un ciel sans avenir (a sky without a future), projecting even sadder feelings, a sense of hopelessness into a sky that refuses to rain:

Un ciel qui vous oublie... -Un ciel sans avenir

A sky that's forgetting you... -A sky with no future

Caption 26, Lesieur Des Ricochets

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Thankfully, le ciel does not always spell gloom. What could be a happier sight than un arc-en-ciel (a rainbow, literally an “arc-in-the-sky”)? In his humorous song, Oldelaf sings the praises of the colors of the rainbow in his own unique way:

Et j'avoue que j'aime aussi / Toutes les couleurs de l'arc-en-ciel / Le rouge, le jaune, le vert-de-gris / Le pourpre, le mauve, même le bleu ciel

And I'll admit that I also like / All the colors of the rainbow / Red, yellow, verdigris / Purple, mauve, even sky blue

Captions 30-33, Oldelaf J'aime les bêtes

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If un arc-en-ciel is close to a heavenly sight, le ciel is most certainly heavenly. It's synonymous with “heaven” when talking about the afterlife:

...et que le roi est leur meilleur guide sur terre en attendant d'aller au ciel.

...and that the king is their best guide on earth while they wait to go to heaven.

Captions 45-46, d'Art d'Art Vitraux de la Sainte-Chapelle

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Whatever you may see or choose to see in le ciel, you are now armed with extra vocabulary that will enable you to better paint the sky in words—French words, of course—or just talk about the weather. Thank you for gazing at le ciel (the sky) or les cieux (the skies) with Yabla!